湖南宏门冲溪鱼类多样性研究初报

2002年9～10月,我院生物系对湖南省通道县国家阔叶林采种基地宏门冲溪鱼类多样性进行了初步研究,共采集到标本鱼10种,分属于2目5科9属。通过对其多样性分析,结果表明：宏门冲鱼类多样性复杂,群落结构稳定。     

Effect of Hillslope Gradient on Vegetation Recovery on Abandoned Land of Shifting Cultivation in Hainan Island, South China

In the present study, we investigated the effect of hillslope gradient on vegetation recovery on abandoned land of shifting cultivation In Hainan Island, south China, by measuring community composition and structure of 25-year-old secondary forest fallows along a hillslope gradient （up-, middle-, and down-slope position）. A total of 49 733 free-standing woody plant stems higher than 10 cm and belonging to 170 species, 112 genera, and 57 families was found in the three l-hm2 investigation plots. Stem density was highest in the down-slope stand and lowest in the up-slope stand. Species richness and the Shannon-Wiener Index were both highest in the middle-slope stand, and lower In the down-slope and up-slope stands. The recovery forest fallows on different hiUslope positions were all dominated by a few species. The five most abundant species accounted for 70.1%, 58.8%, and 72.9% of total stem densities in stands in the up-, middle-, and down-slope positions, respectively. The five species with the greatest basal areas accounted for 74.5%, 84.3%, and 74.7% of total stem basal area for the up-, middle-, and down-slope positions, respectively. The number of low-density species （stem abundance less than five） Increased from the up-slope position downward. Of the nine local common species among three different functional groups, the short-lived pioneer species dominated the up-slope position, but long-lived pioneer species dominated the middle- and down-slope positions. The climax species of primary tropical lowland rain forest was found in the downslope position. Both the mean diameter at breast height （DBH） and mean height of the trees Increased with decreasing hillslope gradient. The stem density and basal area in different size classes were significantly different in stands In different slope positions. Our results indicated that the rate of secondary succession varies, even over small spatial scales caused by the hlllslope gradient, in early vegetation recovery.     

Nectar and Pollen Sources for Honeybee （Apis cerana cerana Fabr.） in Qinglan Mangrove Area, Hainan Island, China

In the present study, nectar and pollen sources for honeybee （Apls cerana cerana Fabr.） were studied in Qlnglan mangrove area, Hainan Island, China, based on microscopic analysis of honey and pollen load （corblcular and gut contents） from honeybees collected In October and November 2004. Qualitative and quantitative melittopalynologlcal analysis of the natural honey sample showed that the honey is of unlfloral type with Mimosa pudlca L. （Mlmosaceae） as the predominant （89.14%） source of nectar and pollen for A. cerana cerana In October. Members of Araceae are an Important minor （3%-15%） pollen type, whereas those of Arecaceae are a minor （〈3%） pollen type. Pollen grains of Nypa fruticans Wurmb., Rhlzophora spp., Excoecarla agallocha L., Lumnitzera spp., Brugulera spp., Kandella candel Druce, and Ceriops tagal （Perr.） C. B. Rob. are among the notable mangrove texa growing In Qinglan mangrove area recorded as minor taxa In the honey. The absolute pollen count （I.e. the number of pollen grains/10 g honey sample） suggests that the honey belongs to Group V （〉1 000 000）. Pollen analysis from the corblcular and gut contents of A. cerana cerana revealed the highest representation （95.60%） of members of Sonneratia spp. （Sonneratlaceae）, followed by Bruguiera spp. （Rhizophoraceae）, Euphorblaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Araceae, Anacardlaceae, and Rublaceae. Of these plants, those belonging to Sonneratla plants are the most Important nectar and pollen sources for A. cerana cerana and are frequently foraged and pollinated by these bees in November.     

Early Silurian (Telychian) rugose coral fauna of Daguan area, northeast Yunnan province, China

Study on rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation (early Telychian) and Daluzhai Formation (mid-late Telychian) in Daguan area, northeast Yunnan Province, China was carried out. Rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation included 18 genera and 34 species, while Daluzhai Formation with nine genera, ten species. We described rugose coral fauna (12 genera, 19 species) including one new genus and five new species, i.e. Protoketophyllum daguanense gen. et sp. nov., Crassilasma huanggexiense sp. nov., Pseudophaulactis heae sp. nov., P. convolutus sp. nov., and Shensiphyllum minor sp. nov. The characteristics and geological significance of rugose coral fauna of Sifengya Formation and Daluzhai Formation were analyzed. Particularly, rugose coral fauna of the Sifengya Formation represent early Telychian rugosan fauna in the Upper Yangtze region and improve the sequences of early Silurian (Llandovery) rugose coral assemblages in Yangtze region. It is therefore very meaningful to further analyze radiation period of rugose coral fauna in such epoch. __________ Translated from Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2005, 44(2): 229–246 [译自: 古生物学报, 2005, 44(2): 229–246]     

Characteristics of soil fauna community in the Dongjiao coconut plantation ecosystem in Hainan, China

From July 2002 to July 2004, we investigated the soil fauna in the Dongjiao coconut plantation of Hainan Island. A total of 5,378 specimens were obtained. These species represented 4 phyla, 12 classes and 27 genera. The soil animal clusters are as follows: All major animal groups presented in a tropical rain forest are present in Dongjiao coconut plantation's soil community. The Dongjiao coconut plantation demonstrated the typical characteristics of a tropical soil animal community. The number of species and the diversity index (H) increase from the high latitude areas toward the equator; The dominance index (C) decreased from the high latitude areas toward the equator; the ratio of Acarina/Collembola and the percentage occurrence of increase along the declination of latitude; the occurrence of termites, a typical member of tropical community, varies from absent to present and a dramatic increase along the declination of latitude. Compared to primary tropical rainforests, the Dongjian coconut plantation community is relatively low in species diversity, and has a high dominance index and low diversity index. This may partially due to some characters of the plantation: singular tree species, monsoon climate, seashore location, high pH and salinity of the soil, soil moisture and other environmental factors. A seasonal change occurs in the community structure but is not obvious. Soil around human residences has a higher organic material content, and has higher counts of specimens and numbers of species, compared to other three sampling sites. Coconut production at locations around human residences is higher than at any other microhabitats. The high production is positively correlated with the richness of animal community in the soil.     

河南固始下石炭统杨山组华夏木一新种

描述河南固始杨山煤矿下石炭统杨山组的一个华夏木新种Cathaysiodendronyangshanensesp.nov.,这是近年来继在甘肃靖远早石炭世臭牛沟组中发现华夏木之后该属在早石炭世地层中的又一发现。华夏木属是华夏植物群的特有分子,它在早石炭世的发现对探讨华夏植物群的起源有重要意义。     

中国瘦寄蝇属一新种和一新纪录种(双翅目,寄蝇科)

瘦寄蝇属Leptothelaira Mesnil et Shima隶于长足寄蝇亚科Dexinae瘦寄蝇族Leptothelairini;其体细长,后足基节上部具1宽而闭合的骨化桥,翅R4 5脉基部背面具1根小鬃;已知分布于俄罗斯远东南部、日本、越南、尼泊尔和我国台湾.本文记述了采自我国广西龙胜华坪的瘦寄蝇属1新纪录种:东方瘦寄蝇L.orientalis Mesnil et Shima,1979和产自陕西太白山和山西沁源与方山的1新种:长茎瘦寄蝇L.longipennis sp.nov,新种与分布东洋区的南方瘦寄蝇L.meridionalis Mesnil et Shima近似,但单眼鬃弱于内顶鬃,腹部第4背板后1/4～1/5和第5背板完全黑,第5腹板基部圆,中央裂深且基部宽,侧尾叶端部较窄而尖等.新种模式标本保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所.     

Revision of Hyolitha from the Ordovician of Estonia

Topotype specimens of the Middle OrdovicianHyolithes acutus Eichwald, 1840, which is the type of the genus that lent its name to a family, order, class, and even phylum according to some, andH. latus Eichwald, 1860 allow that genus and those species to be firmly established on a sound, morphologic basis. In addition, preservation of the types ofHyolithes striatus Eichwald, 1860 is sufficiently good to warrant reassignment toDorsolinevitus Syssoiev, 1958. In contrast, the type ofH. insularis Eichwald, 1860 is incompletely preserved, and this species is not recognizable beyond the type material. The concept of the family Hyolithidae is revised to more closely conform to the morphology ofHyolithes, with authorship herein ascribed toSyssoiev (1958) rather than toNicholson (1872). The stratigraphic distribution of these taxa suggests thatHyolithes as defined herein first appears in the Middle Ordovician, but extends into at least the Lower Devonian, as suggested by two species from the Barrandian region of the Czech Republic. Their geographic distribution further re-enforces the notion of two distinct paleobiogeographic provinces based on hyoliths, a Mediterranean province and Baltic province, with almost no mixing of hyolith faunas during the Ordovician.      

河南省二种菊头蝠的核型研究

取骨髓细胞采用空气干燥法对河南省二种菊头蝠的核型进行研究。结果：1．中菊头蝠染色体数为2n=62,N,F=60,属于Harada等划分的菊头蝠属的第1类群,即最原始的类群;2．马铁菊头蝠染色体数为2n=58．N．F=60,属于Harada等划分的菊头蝠属的第2类群;3．马铁菊头蝠的核型为国内首次报道。     

晋陕宁黄土丘陵区生态修复与农林牧业持续发展仿真研究

晋陕宁黄土丘陵区土壤侵蚀严重,生态环境脆弱,不合理利用土地是其主要原因,生态修复与环境重建是该区生态与经济持续发展的重要战略措施。应用系统动力学（System Dynamic,简称SD）和“反馈控制（Feedback control）理论建立了该区生态修复和环境重建的SD模型,它分为人口、农业、林业、牧业、农村经济、土壤侵蚀和生态环境6个模块,仿真时间1990～2080年,步长1a。经检验该SD模型的有效性为93．5％,可用于未来仿真预测。根据该区的生态环境特点和农牧业发展现状,选择生态环境恢复重建的3种典型模式——同步发展模式（A模式）、逐步调整模式（B模式）和现状发展模式（C模式）进行仿真研究,预测3种模式2000～2080年的土壤侵蚀、土地利用的发展动态以及农林牧业和生态环境演化趋势。仿真结果表明：土地利用与农、林、牧业持续发展密切相关,坡耕地和草场退化是制约农林牧业发展的主要因素。合理调整土地利用结构和加速治理侵蚀,可促进生态环境逐步恢复和农林牧业持续发展。同步发展模式（A模式）是该区生态修复和环境重建的3个仿真模式中的最优策略,它可促进农林牧协调发展和生态一经济趋向良性循环,并提出该区生态修复与环境重建的对策措施。该SD模型结构合理,运行功能良好,能较真实的模拟具有多变量、非线性变量的复杂生态系统的动态行为,为生态修复研究提供一种有效工具。